prokaryot nucleus ribosome bacillus coccus spirillum clone cytoplasm binary fission haploid chromosome DNA plasmid conjugation mutation metabolism bacteria blue-green algae endospores eukaryot plasma membrane asexual reproduction virus homologs Malthus exponential growth semi-log plot doubling time linear regression correlation plot reproduction function fixed-point iteration carrying capacity r-strategists K-strategists ecosystem ecological niche Gause's law environmental resistance Hudson Bay data density dependent (population limited) density independent (population limitated) survivorship curve infectious disease common source disease interspecific competition parasitism mutualism commensalism competition predation Verhulst Equation logistic equation chaos mass action law Lotka-Volterra equations predator-prey system phase-plane plot limit cycle equilibrium point (of a DE) stability (of a DE) neutral stability unstable linearize (a DE at a point) eigenvalues biological membranes cell membrane phospholipid hydrophilic hydrophobic protein amino acid flux Fick's First Law Fick's Second Law